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# Apache IoTDB C++ Client

[中文说明](README_zh.md)

This directory builds and packages the Apache IoTDB C++ Session SDK. If you
already have an `iotdb-session-cpp-<version>-<classifier>.zip` package, you do
not need Maven, Thrift, Boost, or this source tree to use it in your own
application. Unpack the zip, point your build system at its `include/` and
`lib/` directories, and deploy the IoTDB runtime library with your executable.

## Use a packaged SDK in your project

### 1. Pick and unpack the right package

Choose the zip whose classifier matches the machine where the application will
run:

| Target environment | Zip classifier (suffix) |
|--------------------|-------------------------|
| Linux x86_64, glibc >= 2.28 | `linux-x86_64-glibc2.28` |
| Linux aarch64, glibc >= 2.28 | `linux-aarch64-glibc2.28` |
| macOS x86_64 | `macos-x86_64` |
| macOS arm64 | `macos-aarch64` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2017 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.1` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2019 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.2` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2022 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.3` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2026 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.4` |

Example:

```bash
unzip iotdb-session-cpp-2.0.7-SNAPSHOT-linux-x86_64-glibc2.28.zip
export IOTDB_SESSION_HOME=$PWD/iotdb-session-cpp-2.0.7-SNAPSHOT-linux-x86_64-glibc2.28
```

The unpacked SDK contains public headers, one runtime library, CMake and
pkg-config metadata, and examples:

```
include/                         public C and C++ API headers
lib/                             libiotdb_session.so/.dylib or iotdb_session.dll + .lib
cmake/iotdb-session-config.cmake CMake package config
pkgconfig/iotdb-session.pc       pkg-config metadata
examples/                        sample source files and an example CMakeLists.txt
third_party/DEPENDENCIES.md      bundled third-party dependency notes
```

Thrift and Boost are embedded into `iotdb_session`; applications do not install
separate Thrift or Boost headers/libraries for normal SDK use.

### 2. Link with CMake

```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
project(my_iotdb_app LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

find_package(iotdb-session REQUIRED CONFIG)

add_executable(my_iotdb_app main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(my_iotdb_app PRIVATE IoTDB::iotdb_session)
```

Configure with the SDK prefix:

```bash
cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME"
cmake --build build
```

On Windows, use the same Visual Studio generation as the SDK package. For
example, link a `windows-x86_64-msvc14.3` package with Visual Studio 2022.

Visual Studio users can either open the project folder and add the unpacked SDK
directory to `CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` in CMake cache settings, or configure from a
Developer Command Prompt:

```bat
cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 ^
  -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="%IOTDB_SESSION_HOME%"
cmake --build build --config Release
copy "%IOTDB_SESSION_HOME%\lib\iotdb_session.dll" build\Release\
```

### 3. Link with pkg-config on Linux/macOS

```bash
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
c++ -std=c++11 main.cpp $(pkg-config --cflags --libs iotdb-session) -o my_iotdb_app
```

When running from a directory that does not already know where the shared
library is, either copy the runtime library next to the executable or set the
library search path:

```bash
cp -P "$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME"/lib/libiotdb_session.so* .
./my_iotdb_app

# Or:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" ./my_iotdb_app
```

### 4. Link manually

Linux:

```bash
c++ -std=c++11 main.cpp \
  -I"$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/include" \
  -L"$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/lib" \
  -liotdb_session -pthread \
  -Wl,-rpath,"$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/lib" \
  -o my_iotdb_app
```

macOS:

```bash
c++ -std=c++11 main.cpp \
  -I"$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/include" \
  -L"$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/lib" \
  -liotdb_session \
  -Wl,-rpath,"$IOTDB_SESSION_HOME/lib" \
  -o my_iotdb_app
```

Windows with MSVC:

```bat
cl /std:c++14 /EHsc main.cpp /I "%IOTDB_SESSION_HOME%\include" ^
  /link /LIBPATH:"%IOTDB_SESSION_HOME%\lib" iotdb_session.lib
copy "%IOTDB_SESSION_HOME%\lib\iotdb_session.dll" .
```

### 5. Build the bundled examples

The package includes example sources under `examples/`. From the unpacked SDK
root:

```bash
cmake -S examples -B examples-build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build examples-build
```

On Windows:

```bat
cmake -S examples -B examples-build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
cmake --build examples-build --config Release
```

The example build copies the IoTDB runtime library next to each example
executable. `cmake --build examples-build --target example-dist` also creates a
`dist/` folder containing the examples and runtime library.

### 6. Minimal C++ program

```cpp
#include "Session.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

int main() {
  auto session = std::make_shared<Session>("127.0.0.1", 6667, "root", "root");
  session->open(false);

  session->setStorageGroup("root.test");
  if (!session->checkTimeseriesExists("root.test.d0.s0")) {
    session->createTimeseries(
        "root.test.d0.s0", TSDataType::INT64, TSEncoding::RLE, CompressionType::SNAPPY);
  }

  session->close();
  std::cout << "IoTDB C++ session is ready." << std::endl;
  return 0;
}
```

The examples in the package connect to `127.0.0.1:6667` with `root` / `root`
by default. Start IoTDB before running them.

### Runtime deployment notes

- Linux release packages are built in the `manylinux_2_28` container and require
  glibc 2.28 or newer.
- Windows packages use the dynamic MSVC runtime (`/MD`). Install the Microsoft
  Visual C++ Redistributable matching your Visual Studio generation on target
  machines that do not already have it.
- Put `libiotdb_session.so`, `libiotdb_session.dylib`, or `iotdb_session.dll`
  next to your executable, or configure the platform library search path. On
  Linux, keep the `libiotdb_session.so*` symlink chain together when copying
  files manually.

## Build the SDK from source

The C++ client is built by a single top-level `CMakeLists.txt` in this
directory. The outer Maven POM is a thin wrapper that invokes CMake; you can
also build the client standalone with just `cmake` if you don't have Maven
available.

### Build layout at a glance

```
iotdb-client/client-cpp/
├── CMakeLists.txt            # single entry point - manages everything
├── cmake/                    # helpers (FetchBoost / FetchThrift / ...)
├── third-party/              # local tarball cache (one sub-dir per OS)
│   ├── linux/  mac/  windows/
├── src/include/              # public API headers (installed to include/)
├── src/session/              # Session / Table / C API implementation (.cpp)
├── src/rpc/                  # Thrift RPC layer (private, not installed)
├── test/                     # Catch2-based integration tests
└── pom.xml                   # Maven wrapper (cmake-maven-plugin)
```

During configure CMake will, in order:

1. Resolve Boost headers (`find_package` → local `third-party/<os>/` tarball →
   download from `archives.boost.io` when not in offline mode).
2. On Linux/macOS, ensure `m4` / `flex` / `bison` are available; if not,
   build them from local tarballs into `build/tools/bin` (no `sudo`
   required).
3. Build a static Apache Thrift from source (tarball cache → download fallback).
4. Run the produced `thrift` compiler on
   `iotdb-protocol/thrift-{commons,datanode}/src/main/thrift/*.thrift`.
5. Compile `iotdb_session` (the C/C++ session library) and, optionally,
   the Catch2 integration test binaries.
6. `cmake --install` lays out the SDK under `target/install/{include,lib}`,
   which Maven's assembly step packages into a zip.

### Build matrix

| Goal                          | Command                                                                                                |
|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Library only (Linux/macOS)    | `mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests package`                                  |
| Debug library (Linux/macOS)   | `mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests -Dcmake.build.type=Debug package`          |
| Library only (Windows / MSVC) | `mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests "-Dboost.include.dir=C:\boost_1_88_0" package` |
| Debug library (Windows / MSVC) | `mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests -Dcmake.build.type=Debug "-Dboost.include.dir=C:\boost_1_88_0" package` |
| Library + ITs (Linux/macOS)   | `mvn clean install -P with-cpp -pl distribution,iotdb-client/client-cpp -am` then `mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am verify` |
| Direct CMake (no Maven)       | `cmake -S iotdb-client/client-cpp -B build && cmake --build build --target install`                    |

The Maven build sets `cmake.install.prefix` to `target/install/`. Output zips
land at `iotdb-client/client-cpp/target/iotdb-session-cpp-<version>-<classifier>.zip`
(with a package root directory and a `.sha512` checksum generated alongside).
The classifier can be overridden with `-Dclient.cpp.package.classifier=...` when
building multiple toolchains on the same platform.

### Release packages (CI)

The [C++ Client package](../../.github/workflows/client-cpp-package.yml) workflow
builds one zip per platform/toolchain. Pick the artifact that matches your
deployment environment:

| Target environment | Zip classifier (suffix) |
|--------------------|-------------------------|
| Linux x86_64, glibc >= 2.28 | `linux-x86_64-glibc2.28` |
| Linux aarch64, glibc >= 2.28 | `linux-aarch64-glibc2.28` |
| macOS x86_64 | `macos-x86_64` |
| macOS arm64 | `macos-aarch64` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2017 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.1` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2019 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.2` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2022 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.3` |
| Windows + Visual Studio 2026 | `windows-x86_64-msvc14.4` |

Example file name:
`iotdb-session-cpp-2.0.10.1-linux-x86_64-glibc2.28.zip`.

Linux release packages are built in the `manylinux_2_28` containers with GCC 14,
so they require glibc 2.28 or newer on the deployment host.

| Architecture | manylinux_2_28 image |
|--------------|----------------------|
| x86_64 | `quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64` |
| i686 | `quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686` |
| aarch64 | `quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64` |
| ppc64le | `quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le` |
| s390x | `quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x` |

Thrift **0.21.0** is compiled from source during the CMake configure step (see
`cmake/FetchThrift.cmake`). Older releases that used pre-built
`iotdb-tools-thrift` Maven artifacts and `-Diotdb-tools-thrift.version=...`
for glibc/MSVC compatibility apply only to the **legacy** client-cpp build;
with the current CMake build, compatibility is determined by the **compiler
and OS used to build** the SDK, not by that Maven property.

### Local build for a specific classifier

Linux x86_64 (glibc 2.28 baseline, matching the manylinux_2_28 release build):

```bash
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests \
  -Dclient.cpp.package.classifier=linux-x86_64-glibc2.28 package
```

Debug build:

```bash
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests \
  -Dcmake.build.type=Debug package
```

Direct CMake Debug builds use the same build type. On Linux/macOS, pass
`-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug` during configure. On Windows with Visual Studio,
also pass `-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug` during configure so the bundled Thrift
static library is built with the Debug MSVC runtime, then build with
`--config Debug`:

```bash
# Linux/macOS
cmake -S iotdb-client/client-cpp -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
cmake --build build --target install

# Windows / Visual Studio
cmake -S iotdb-client/client-cpp -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
cmake --build build --config Debug --target install
```

Windows (match the Visual Studio version you use to build your application):

```powershell
# Visual Studio 2022 (default on recent Windows)
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests package

# Visual Studio 2019
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests `
  -Dcmake.generator="Visual Studio 16 2019" `
  -Dclient.cpp.package.classifier=windows-x86_64-msvc14.2 package

# Visual Studio 2017 (CMake uses -A x64 on Windows automatically)
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests `
  -Dcmake.generator="Visual Studio 15 2017" `
  -Dclient.cpp.package.classifier=windows-x86_64-msvc14.1 package
```

On Windows, the build passes `-DCMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM=x64` so Visual Studio
generators target **x64** (VS2017 otherwise defaults to Win32).

## CMake options

The table below lists CMake cache variables. When building through **Maven**,
pass them as Maven properties (the POM maps them to `-D` options for CMake):

| CMake variable | Maven property (`-D...`) |
|----------------|--------------------------|
| `WITH_SSL` | `with.ssl` (e.g. `-Dwith.ssl=ON`) |
| `IOTDB_OFFLINE` | `iotdb.offline` |
| `BUILD_TESTING` | `build.tests` |
| `IOTDB_DEPS_DIR` | `iotdb.deps.dir` |
| `BOOST_INCLUDEDIR` | `boost.include.dir` (legacy alias) |
| `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` | `cmake.build.type` (e.g. `-Dcmake.build.type=Debug`) |

For a **standalone** `cmake` configure, pass `-DWITH_SSL=ON`, `-DIOTDB_OFFLINE=ON`,
etc. directly.

| Option                | Default                          | Purpose                                                                                                  |
|-----------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `WITH_SSL`            | `OFF`                            | Link against OpenSSL. See *SSL* below.                                                                   |
| `BUILD_TESTING`       | `OFF` (Maven sets `ON` for verify) | Build Catch2 IT executables (Catch2 v2.13.7 header downloaded at configure time).                        |
| `CATCH2_INCLUDE_DIR`  | (unset)                          | Pre-downloaded Catch2 include dir (Maven sets this under `target/test/catch2`).                          |
| `IOTDB_OFFLINE`       | `OFF`                            | Disallow any network access during configure.                                                            |
| `IOTDB_DEPS_DIR`      | `<client-cpp>/third-party`       | Override the local tarball cache directory.                                                              |
| `BOOST_VERSION`       | `1.60.0` (`1.84.0` on macOS)     | Boost version that CMake will look for / download.                                                       |
| `THRIFT_VERSION`      | `0.21.0`                         | Apache Thrift version to build from source.                                                              |
| `BOOST_ROOT`          | (unset)                          | Existing Boost install to reuse, equivalent to `-Dboost.include.dir=...` from the legacy build.          |
| `OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR`    | (unset)                          | Existing OpenSSL install when `WITH_SSL=ON`.                                                             |
| `CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`| `<build>/install`                | Install location.                                                                                        |
| `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE`    | `Release`                        | Single-config generator build type. Use `Debug` to produce a debug library.                              |

For Visual Studio generators on Windows, still set `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug`
when configuring a Debug SDK build. The top-level project uses that value to
build bundled third-party static libraries, while `cmake --build --config Debug`
selects the final Visual Studio configuration.

## Online build (default)

CMake will download any missing tarball at configure time. The first run is
slow (≈100 MB download + a Thrift build); subsequent runs reuse the
extracted artifacts under `build/_deps/`.

```bash
# Linux / macOS
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests package

# Windows (Developer Command Prompt for VS, PowerShell, or cmd)
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests "-Dboost.include.dir=C:\boost_1_88_0" package
```

Standalone CMake uses the same online dependency resolution:

```bash
# Linux / macOS
cmake -S iotdb-client/client-cpp -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build --target install

# Windows / Visual Studio
cmake -S iotdb-client/client-cpp -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
cmake --build build --config Release --target install
```

## Offline build

1. Pre-populate the platform-specific sub-directory under `third-party/`:

   | Platform   | Required files                                                                                                                                                       |
   |------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   | `linux/`   | `thrift-0.21.0.tar.gz`, `boost_1_60_0.tar.gz`, `m4-1.4.19.tar.gz`, `flex-2.6.4.tar.gz`, `bison-3.8.tar.gz` (and `openssl-3.5.0.tar.gz` when `WITH_SSL=ON`)            |
   | `mac/`     | `thrift-0.21.0.tar.gz`, `boost_1_84_0.tar.gz` (newer Boost for Xcode/Clang; Apple ships m4/flex/bison; `openssl-3.5.0.tar.gz` optional)                               |
   | `windows/` | `thrift-0.21.0.tar.gz`, `boost_1_60_0.tar.gz` (Boost headers only - no `b2` build required for `iotdb_session`)                                                      |

   Reference URLs (the configure step uses the same):
   - Apache Thrift 0.21.0: <https://archive.apache.org/dist/thrift/0.21.0/thrift-0.21.0.tar.gz>
   - Boost 1.60.0:        <https://archives.boost.io/release/1.60.0/source/boost_1_60_0.tar.gz>
   - GNU m4 1.4.19:       <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.19.tar.gz>
   - GNU flex 2.6.4:      <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases/download/v2.6.4/flex-2.6.4.tar.gz>
   - GNU bison 3.8:       <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.8.tar.gz>
   - OpenSSL 3.5.0:       <https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-3.5.0.tar.gz>

2. Run the build with offline mode enabled:

   ```bash
   mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests \
       -Diotdb.offline=ON package
   ```

   or, going straight through CMake:

   ```bash
   cmake -S iotdb-client/client-cpp -B build -DIOTDB_OFFLINE=ON
   cmake --build build --config Release --target install
   ```

CI environments can share a single cache by setting
`-DIOTDB_DEPS_DIR=/path/to/cache` instead of copying tarballs around.

## Platform-specific notes

### Linux

- Tested with GCC 7+ and Clang 9+. Anything that can compile Apache Thrift
  0.21.0 works.
- Build deps that must already exist on the host (only required when
  CMake auto-builds m4/flex/bison from tarball): `make`, `autoconf`,
  `gcc`, plus the standard C/C++ toolchain. `sudo` is **not** required;
  the helper tools install under `build/tools/`.
- If you would rather use distro-provided tools (`apt install m4 flex
  bison`), CMake will pick them up first.

### macOS

- Xcode Command Line Tools provide `m4`, `flex`, `bison`, and `make`,
  so the auto-build path normally skips them.
- Homebrew users can `brew install boost` to short-circuit `FetchBoost`.

### Windows

Visual Studio **2017, 2019, 2022, or 2026** is supported for building the SDK.
Link your application against the zip built with the **same VS generation** you
use for your project.

Prerequisites:

1. **Boost.** Download and extract
   <https://archives.boost.io/release/1.88.0/source/boost_1_88_0.zip>
   (any 1.60+ release will work). `iotdb_session` only needs Boost
   headers, so running `bootstrap.bat` / `b2` is optional. Pass the
   location with either `-Dboost.include.dir="C:\boost_1_88_0"` (Maven)
   or `-DBOOST_ROOT="C:\boost_1_88_0"` (raw CMake).
2. **flex / bison.** Install <https://sourceforge.net/projects/winflexbison/>
   and rename `win_flex.exe`→`flex.exe`, `win_bison.exe`→`bison.exe` on
   `PATH`.
3. **OpenSSL** *(only when `WITH_SSL=ON`)*: run the Win64 OpenSSL
   installer from <https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html>, then
   pass `-DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=...` to CMake.

On Windows the SDK ships as **`iotdb_session.dll`** plus an import library
**`iotdb_session.lib`**, built with **`/MD`** (dynamic CRT, same as a
default Visual Studio application). Thrift is linked into the DLL; users
do not install separate Thrift headers or libraries. Place
`iotdb_session.dll` next to your `.exe` or on `PATH`.

Auto-building m4/flex/bison from tarball is **not** supported on Windows;
the GNU autotools tarballs assume a POSIX shell environment.

## SSL

Both Thrift and `iotdb_session` build without OpenSSL by default. Enable
SSL with `-Dwith.ssl=ON` (Maven) or `-DWITH_SSL=ON` (standalone CMake).
CMake first calls `find_package(OpenSSL)`;
if nothing is found, it falls back to:

- **Linux / macOS** – use a local `openssl-<ver>.tar.gz` (or download it
  when not in offline mode), configure with `no-shared`, install into
  `build/_deps/openssl/install`, and link statically.
- **Windows** – fail with a friendly message that points at the Win64
  OpenSSL installer. Building OpenSSL from source via MSVC is out of scope.

## Tests

Maven binds `cmake-maven-plugin`'s `test` goal to the `integration-test`
phase and runs `ctest`. `pre-integration-test` spawns a local IoTDB server
from `distribution/target/.../sbin/start-standalone.{sh,bat}`, so make sure
the distribution module is built first:

```bash
mvn clean install -P with-cpp -pl distribution,iotdb-client/client-cpp -am -DskipTests
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am verify
```

Running ctest directly (after a `mvn ... package` build) is also supported:

```bash
cd iotdb-client/client-cpp/target/build
ctest --output-on-failure
```

## Code formatting

We use `clang-format` (pinned by the root POM as `clang.format.version`)
through Maven Spotless. **clang-format 17.0.6** is the version CI runs.

```bash
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp spotless:check
mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp spotless:apply
```

On JDK 8 the C++ Spotless profile is skipped automatically (Spotless's
clang-format integration requires Spotless 2.44+, which itself requires
JDK 11+).

## Package layout

A successful `mvn ... package` produces
`target/iotdb-session-cpp-<version>-<classifier>.zip` with this layout:

```
README.md
README_zh.md
LICENSE
NOTICE
VERSION
BUILD-INFO.txt
include/
├── Session.h
├── SessionC.h
└── ...  (public API headers only; no Thrift/Boost)
lib/
├── libiotdb_session.{so,dylib}     (Linux / macOS)
├── iotdb_session.dll               (Windows – runtime)
└── iotdb_session.lib               (Windows – import library for linking)
third_party/
└── DEPENDENCIES.md
cmake/
└── iotdb-session-config.cmake
pkgconfig/
└── iotdb-session.pc
examples/
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── ...
```

Thrift is embedded inside `iotdb_session` on all platforms; it is not shipped
as a separate install artifact.

For full API documentation see the [C++ Native API guide](https://iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/latest/API/Programming-Cpp-Native-API.html).
